Chen JC et al. Gypenoside induces apoptosis in human Hep3B and HA22T tumour cells. Cytobios. 1999.

Dr. Chen and his team, found that human liver cancer cells treated for two days with gypenosides (the active ingredients in Jiaogulan) died via apoptosis. Normal cells in the cancerous tissue sample proliferated.

Qwa-fu Wang, et al. Regulation of Bcl-2 family molecules and activation of caspase cascade involved in gypenosides-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Cancer Letters 2002

Reseachers at the Chinese Medical College in Taiwan studied the mechanism by which Jiaogulan kills liver cancer cells. They confirmed the results of the above study and identified a potential mechanism for this effect.